In this lesson, students learn how to identify strong and weak associations by comparing scatterplots. They are taught about the concept of scatterplots and how they can be used to illustrate the relationship between two sets of data. By analyzing the location of data points in relation to the line of best fit, students can determine whether the association is strong or weak. Real-life examples, such as studying time and quiz scores or temperature and hot chocolate sales, are used to reinforce the concept.