Discover how the Galapagos Islands were formed from volcanic eruptions. Physical processes -The Earth and beyond - The Earth's layers Learning Points Lava is molten rock that is released by a volcano. Lava reaches temperatures of over 1000°C. Magma is the molten rock beneath the Earth's surface. A Twig Context Film. Reinforce and extend the learning required by the curriculum. Twig’s context films show abstract concepts in action in the real world.