In this video that meets Common Core 1st grade math standards, the teacher introduces the concept of base 10 and how it makes counting and representing numbers easier. The teacher demonstrates how to count using base 10 by showing a set of baseballs and counting them individually. The concept of place value is introduced, where each digit has a specific place (ones place and tens place) and represents a certain quantity. The teacher also explains how to compare two-digit numbers using the greater than, less than, and equal to symbols.